Eating disorders are mental illnesses characterized by extremes in eating behaviors. They are serious emotional and physical addictions triggered by fears of becoming overweight. The most common disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Both often coexist with other mental illnesses such as depression, anxiety and substance abuse. Individuals affected by eating disorders tend to have exaggerated and negative perceptions of their bodies. These perceptions and fears of becoming overweight usually escalate as the body changes during pregnancy, which can cause mothers to increase destructive practices and potentially harm developing infants.
Anorexia nervosa involves obsessive starvation or exercise to control weight gain. Starvation can deprive the mother and the developing baby of essential nutrients. Women who are actively anorexic during pregnancy run the risk of premature labor, cardiac irregularities, a baby born with low birth weight and respiratory difficulties.
Behaviors associated with bulimia nervosa include bouts of extreme over eating followed by self-induced vomiting or the ingestion of laxatives to control weight. The complications that may develop from this illness during pregnancy include gestational diabetes, birth defects, maternal high blood pressure and premature birth. Both diseases can ultimately result in miscarriage or still birth.
Individuals who are afflicted by these illnesses tend to be secretive about their extreme behaviors; however, when pregnant it is important to disclose the history of their eating disorder to an obstetrician. While pregnant, it is advised that the mother attends frequent prenatal appointments to track the development of the baby. The expertise of a nutritionist is needed to develop a plan for healthy weight gain. It is also highly recommended that they seek specialized care from a mental health professional to monitor and treat potential psychological effects.
To schedule an appointment with an Ob/Gyn at Jamaica Hospital, call 718-291-3276 or to schedule an appointment with a mental health professional call 718-206-7099.